Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type



March 27, 1956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25195] 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 E 1 2% IM 3 I: a i

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March 27, 1956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS 0F THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25,1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 F5zi1. F75z1d Z? a Jcfalle JWW M ZJQ Wm J March 271956 R. s. JOLLEY 2,739,878

VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Filed Oct. 25,195] 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 United States Patent 2,739,878 VERTICALLYEXTENDHSIG BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE Raymond S. Jolley,Wisconsin Rapids, Wis'., assignor to Consolidated Water Power & Paper(30., Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin ApplicationOctober 23', 1951-, spin Ni); 252,784 8 Claims. (oi. 23-277 Thisinvention relates to new and improved means for thermal conversion orburning of combustible liquids or solids in suspension and in acontinuous manner.

More particularly, the present invention relates to a verticallyextending burner or furnace of generally cylindrical form and of thecyclone type wherein combustion after being initiated'isself-sustaining, and wherein the material to'be converted is subjectedto turbulence and a high temperature while confined in a small zone,

and while passing therethrough" in a generally helical path, may berapidly and controllably subjected to complete or limited oxidation asdesired.

The invention further relates to'novel means'incombination with a'burnerof the foregoing class, whereby solid'or molten products of complete orpartial combus tion or oxidation may be substantially separatedifromfthe gaseous-products of combustion, and whereby said gaseous productsmay be delivered to and utilized at a point where its heat may berequired, such as for example, in connection with a' steamboiler,withoutappreciable contaminationof the boiler and its appurtenances bythe said solid or molten materials which may be detrimental'thereto orto its effective'operation,or'which solid or liquid materials maydesirably be separately recovered for either Waste-or economic reuse;The'invem tion further relates to a burner or furnace of the foregoingclass wherein the air introduced'for' combustion and turbulence isintroduced tangentially-or secantly' from discharging it by gravitydown-an inclined plane and out of the furnace andconnectingappurtenance's, such as a boiler, and out of the contact with'the' gaseous products resulting from combustion.

The burner or furnace of the present invention is adapted for use inconnection'with means for utilization of its heat such as, for-example,a'ste'am' boile'r,or as an auxiliary to-a steam boilerwhi'ch mayseparately employ conventional fuel as-itsprincipal source of heat.

The apparatus of the present invention, as one particu lar example, isadapted for-the burning of waste sulfite liquors recovered-from pulpdigesters used in the sulfite process, whereby this efiluent may beeffectively disposed of by burning to complete oxidation, recoverableheat utilized under a boiler, and resulting ash effectively separatedfrom the gaseousp'roducts'of combustion before they reach the boiler."

The-apparatus of" the" presentinvention' likewise" Suitable forburningbther disposable Waste pioduc'ts of j r i h ni c o .1 1 of pulpdigesters used in" thesiilfa't' proc'ssg withaflccn; trolled andlimitedpropor'ti'on of ainwhreby 0' d5 it of chemicals which are desiredto" be recovered ls pr vented, and such products separated and recoveredfrom the gaseous products of'c'ofnbus'tioh.

As a'further examp1,"th e apparatusifiii y be rnploy' "d to burncrushed'or pulverized" coal and solids not'i'rtthe molten stateseparatedf ifnecessary, byco'ri'troL of air to limit combustion, to revent meltihgcfthe ash to a liquid: H

As'a further example of the u'scsto whicli riiy b in apparatus may beput, it may be employed to calc with the air of an added fu'e'lsuchasfoilof gas, excess air used' to control temperatures to" prevent"meltll'lg;

Another example o'f' thef adaptability' of n en-I tion is foruse"in'burning"sulfur fo'fthepr0'dtictitfnv of sulfurous acid' foruse"in"pape r mills} Thus, sulfur rnay be introduced into'thecombustionzorie of my, device, in either molten or powdered form, andthereinc verted to sulfur dioxide with nfPimimi' undesirable sulfurtrioxide.

the sulfur., lf desired, however, the'bu" in m be controlled so as toproducesu'lfur'trioxide forth'e jnian ufacture of sulfuric acid. Theadvantages in eith 1" event is that the low excessair'obta'inablebyth'e'p' nace causes less interference by'the other" gasie 4 absorptiontowers in the combination of or S03 with the water. Any impuritiesmayb'e'sepam by, means of? the ash collection portion ofin'ybnr "and;the'resulting gas in'this ca'se is'cb'oled anddis'so ea water, inconventional manner to formsulfiir'oiis Other objects, advantages"andeconoinie's ofm' 1 vention and the details'of constructiona'r'i'd partsthereof will be apparent from a consideration of the followingspecification and drawings, wherein: n

Fig. 1 is a vertical "sectional view of theburn'r'fap'f paratus'of thepresentinventionillustrated in"connction with a steam boiler.

Fig. 2 is a section on thelin '2-2 of'Fig'fl.

Fig; 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of 'Figfl.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary elevational view of'theffiir-l nace portion ofthe apparatusof th'e 'pr'es'e'nt inventionl Fig. 5 is a view partly insection'on the 1ine"5 5' of Fig. 4, p

Fig.6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. fl.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentaryenlarged detail'vie'wof'ar'i air Fig. 10 is velevation partly inseCti'on illustrating means for feedinga solidmaterial to the furnace of my' n r s-f r FigJl a'verticalsection of amodified arrangement ofmy"burnerapparatus.

Fig. 12 is a vertical section of another modified arrangement ofapparatus.

Fig. 13 is a section on the line 1313 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary vertical section of a modified detail of theapparatus of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a section on the line 1515 of Fig. 14.

Referring to the drawings, the reference numeral 10 generally designatesthe burner apparatus of the present invention disposed in proximity to asteam boiler generally designated as 11, and in communication therewiththrough the area 12 as illustrated in Fig. 1. This burner apparatuscomprises a vertically extending generally cylindrical shell 13 mountedon the beams 14 exteriorly of the boiler wall 15, and on the basestructure generally indicated as 16. This base structure comprises theend wall 17 extending down into the pit 18, and the side walls 19 whichdiverge to and join with the boiler walls 15. These, together with therefractory brick work structure 20, define a lateral opening from andadjacent the base of the furnace of the burner apparatus 10, and acommunicating passage or area 12 between the indicated furnace and theboiler 11. The burner apparatus 10 thus has a bottom opening generallyclosed except for communication with boiler 11, and is provided with atop opening and a cover or top closure 22. The interior of the shell 13is lined with refractory material 23 to define a primary combustionchamher or zone 24.

Spaced from and below the bottom of the combustion chamber 24, andconcentric therewith is an inverted truncated tubular refractory brickwork which defines a continuous path from combustion zone 24 to theboiler 11 through the area 12. This tubular brick work 25 preferably hasan outer diameter smaller than the inside diameter of zone 24, andprojects upwardly into the funnel shaped portion of zone 26, and forms aclosure therewith at one peripheral portion with the ledge 27 adjacentthe boiler wall 15, and defines an arcuate duct 28 leading therefromdefined by an opposite outer peripheral portion of the tube 25 and thelining portion 29. The lower end of this duct 23 terminates at andcommunicates with the ash collection chamber 30 through the conduit 31extending through the refractory lining 29 and the wall 17.

The downwardly inclined or funnel shaped portion of zone 26 has anenlarged mouth of greater internal diameter than that of chamber 24, andseats a plurality of inclined inwardly extending tangential vanes orbafiies 32 terminating at a plane substantially parallel with that ofthe inner periphery of chamber 24 and having their inception exteriorlyof said periphery. Although not shown, the tubular brick work 25 mayhave or be provided with surrounding or imbeddecl water cooling coils.

The section of the shell 13 which embraces the major portion of thecombustion zone 24 is enveloped by a plurality of air conduits alljoined to a common header or manifold 33, leading from the blower 34, asshown in Fig. 4, the common inlet to said conduits being controlled bythe butterfly damper 35 actuatable by the hand control lever 36. Theseair conduits each embrace the shell for at least 360 and lead to dampercontrolled horizontally extending, inclined openings through shell 13and its lining 23. Each adjacent opening is spaced from another bothvertically and peripherally, the periperal spacings being approximately180. Although I have shown eight such air conduits, any number greaterthan two may be employed provided they embrace the major portion of thearea of the primary combustion zone 24. These conduits comprise one ormore conduits 37 which embrace the shell 13 for 360, and one or moreconduits 38 which extend around 540. Thus, as shown in Fig.6, theconduit 37, of generally rectangular section, leads from the manifold33, extends 360 around the shell 13, and opens to the duct 39,controlled by the damper 40. As shown in Fig. 5, the adjacent conduit I4 38 completely'embraces the steel shell 13, and partially embracesitself for another and terminates at the duct 41, controlled by damper42, extending through shell 13 and lining 23, the duct 41 being spaced180 from the adjacent duct 39.

The series of dampers 40 and series of dampers 42 may be eachindividually controlled as shown in the enlarged detailed views of Figs.8 and 9, each series being controlled from a'separate station suitablypositioned above the top of the burner apparatus. Although one dampercontrol arrangement for the dampers 40 is illustrated, it will beunderstood that two like arrangements, spaced 180 from each other, areemployed, these likewise not being illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4, for thepurpose of clarity of the latter figures. Thus, a vertical cavity 45extends through the refractory lining 23 adjacent the shell 13contiguous with the ducts 39, and receives the damper and shaft support46. (A similar vertical cavity 43 extends through the refractory lining23 adjacent shell 13 and contiguous with the ducts 41 and receives thedamper and shaft support 44, as shown in Fig. 7.)

Thus, referringto the details of Figs. 8 and 9, the uppermost one of thedampers40 is shown secured to the tube or shaft 47. This shaft 47 isdisposed within the confines of the support 46, and extends through theplate 48 resting on the upper end of support 46. To the upper end ofshaft 47 there is secured an arm 49, the outer end of which rests onplate 43 and is engaged thereto for limited-arcuate movement by means ofthe bolt 56 passing through the arcuate slot 51 and the end of arm 49,and the wing nut 52. For control of the remaining three dampers 49 ofthe indicated series, a similar tube 53 is nestedwithin tube 47, a tube54 is nested within tube 53, and a shaft or rod 55 is nested within tube54. Each of these members 53, 54 and 55 extends beyond the lower end ofits-adjacent outer tube and has a damper secured to its lower endportion, and similar to member 47, each extends through and above plate43, and is similarly provided with an individual control arm engaged tothe plate 48 for limited arcuate movement defined by a separate arcuateslot. Thus, each of the dampers 40 may be individually regulated andfixed in desired position. The same applies to the individual dampers ofthe series 42.

Thus, in operation of the apparatus, the volume and velocity of the airsupplied by the blower 34 is first controlled by the common damper 35,and is then individually controllable by means of the dampers 40 and 42so that the volume and velocity of the air introduced to the chamber 24may vary or be controlled and diifer inclined in a substantiallytangential manner, that is with one side wall in substantiallytangential relationship to the inner periphery of zone 24, or they mayvary in inclination to a lesser extent, for example, from the top ofzone 24- where they may be substantially tangential, to the bottom ofzone 24 where they may approach a radial direction, or those ductsadjacent the top and bottom may be substantially tangential, and thoseadjacent the center portions may be of lesser inclination. Thus, in anyevent, the ducts are inclined so that the streams of air are introducedsecantly, and where there is a variation in their inclination, furtherdesirable turbulence is set up in the combustion zone, to inhibit, in

operations when such is undesirable, the formation or" a- I may providethe lower end of the primary combustion zone 24, with an annular batheor refractory-ring 58. Thus, the materials beforepassingout of.zone24,and into zone 26, where secondary combustion may take place, and ashseparation occurs, the cooler materials along the wall of zone24 arereversed in directionand comrningled with the hotter materialsalong theaxisof zone 24, thus bringing about better turbulence, and better mixingand burning within zone2'4.

When it is desired to burn a liquid material in my apparatus, such asfor example, waste sulfite liquor recovered from pulp digesters used inthe sulfite'process, the liquor should firstbe. evaporatedtoaslow amoisture content as isconsistent with the ability. to introduce it intothe combustion zoneby spraying or atomizing. Reduction of moisturecontentis desirableso that combustion may be properly sustained. andcompleted toas. large. an extent as possibleor desirable. A. moisture.content as low. as feasible. is. desirable. soas. to prevent productionof an unduly large amount of steamv in the.- combustion chamber andwaste of. heatin doingso, and to. prevent undue dilution of thegases ofcombustion. and carrying ofsuch steamintothecboiler. r

Thus, in the operationofsmy apparatus, for. the;above. indicatedillustrative purpose, the. furnace isinitially heated up by a. pilotflame, such. as for. example, by introducing amixture of fuel oilfromline 59. and come pressed air orv steam. from line. 60 to atomizingnozzle. 61 extending through thecover.22.;intocombustionzone 24.. At thesame. time. air is introduced: by means. oi the blower 34 intozone.24uthrough= the series. ofducts. 39 and 41. When thefurnace hasbecome. sufiiciently. heated'to support and continue combustionof thesulfite. liquor, the pilot flame may. be discontinued, and the. sulfite.liquor introduced through: line. 62 to... nozzle 63 and atomizedby airor steamunder. pressureintroduced through line 64.. The. sulfite liquorat thev time of. intro duction should have asolidscontent of from.about;50%1 to about 65% as aresult of previous evaporation-treatment.

Air for combustionshouldbe introduced inxaslight. excess over.thattheoretically required for.complete-com bustion,.although airexcessmust be .kept;as lowas practicaltopreventtoo much heatloss.v Ithasheretofore been considered thatthis.excessshould. be about to However,with the;apparatus of the presentinvention and by. having ahighturbulence and. temperature within the. furnace. the. excess air maybeas low as 3%. The total. volume of air. introduced into zone..24 isessentially con.- trolled by means of the common damper35.:1nd2thevolume and velocity through. any of: the. individual ducts393ml 41 may be regulatedby theirrespective individual dampers 40and 42.Thus, not only can the volume of air be controllably proportioned, butthe velocity of the air may be controlled and varied as desiredfrom oneduct to another in a directionvertically of the combustion. zone. Thus,high velocities Withlimited volumes ofair can be obtained andcontrollably varied in the direction of progress of the. materialthrough-combustion zone 24. At the same time, by means ofthe highvelocity of air and turbulence thereof due to introduction-tangentiallyor secantly. from a plurality of vertically and angularly spacedinclined ducts, intimate contact with the particles of the liquid to beburned is obtained and maximum and eflicient combustion accomplished-ina relatively-small zone. This-efiiciency of operation is furtherenhanced by causing the .air introduced to pass, for at least 360;through the conduits 37-and 33 so as to cause the air, by heat exchange,to be preheated before being admitted to combustion. zone. 24. Furtherthese air conduitsby being disposed contiguous to each otherenvelop'combustion zone 24 and. serve tolcoolthe shell 13 and'refractorylining23.

As the..productstrommone 24 pass outwardly and t downwardl'yinto ashcollectionzone 26 some additional" by Figs. 14 and 15-. These components66 6 or final combustionmay t'alre place, andbefore entering zone 26,-they pass through ring bafli'e 58' whic'lft causes further turbulence byreversal of thecomponents adjacent the periphery of zone 24, where thecoolen and heavier gases tend to collect, andmix with the" hotter lessdense gases adjacent the axis of zone24:

The solid particles andash within-zone 2'6-are thrown outwardly underthe centrifugal forceind'uced'in zone-24 and impinge o n and areseparated from the: gaseous-mate rials by means of the vanes 32whichi'nclineat' an-an'gle generally opposite to the direction of' thoseof the air inlet ducts, and thus project into oragainst the-direction ofrotation of the descendingstream ofthe products-- of combustion. Thus,the gaseous products of'combustioncontinue to-travel downwardlyfrom-zone 26 and" into the boiler 11, through the" tubular brickwork'2j5" and lateral passage 12. The solids and ash a're entrapped ,by' thevanes 32 and dropped'by gravity around the; outer periphery of thetubular brickwork 25 andj-flthen pa'ss outwardly throughthe arcuatepath28" and into the; ash receptacle 30 through conduit 31. particles of ashor solids which may rated from the gas streams by the vanesv 3,2arepermitted to drop by gravity outofthe gas-stream and into the pit 18whereupon they may be discharged through line 65.

Although I have shown the employment of the bafile ring 58 in Fig. 1,and its use is particularly desirable when the air ducts 39 and 41 areall of' the same sub stantiallytangential inclination, it may not beessential when the air inlet ducts vary in' inclination and thus enhanceturbulence. However, I may atthesame tirne employ both a bafile ring andducts of different inclination. Instead of the bafiie ring-58;I"may,,to'the same end, employ an axial baflle or target 66=supported bythe.

spokes 67 extending from the ceramic wall 23,. as shown and67may becomposed of refractory material, and" if desired, may be internallywater cooled, although not illustrated. When such axialtarget or bafiieis employed, it' serves. to interrupt the downwardmovement of thecomponents adjacent the axis of zone with the components adjacenttheperiphery of said zone, before they pass into zone 26;

Fig.1!) diagrammatically illustrates meansfor introducing a solid burnedin the arrangement-of apparatus generally illustrated in Fig. 1. Thiswood bark, suitably commin'uted may be blown in chamber 69 and fromthence through cover, 22 24, and there subjected tocombustion, gaseousproducts and ash separated in the manner previ+ ously described.

Fig. 11 illustrates a modified arrangement ofmy.'apparatuswhich-in-principle is the sameias thatof 'Fig.v ll The essentialdifiterencehereis that my. entire burner apparatus, including thefurnace and ash separation sec tions as a unit are adapted to be,positionedbeneath' a communicating boiler. Thus, inthe formillustratedin Fig. 11, the materialgto be burnedis introduced to the into zonebottom of the device and flows upwardly andfthegaseo'us.

products of combustion are delivered from the. upper portion of theapparatus to, for example, a commurii: eating boiler. charged downwardlyby gravity 'as in the fOIHlfOf Fig. 1.-

Thus, referring specifical-lyto Fig. 11,'the.illu's'trated burnerapparatus comprises the steel shell 70 provided.

with a refractory lining 71- which atits lowerendportion defines theprimary combustion zone 72,-, an intermediate zone 73 of reduceddiameter .and the. funnel shaped ash collection zone' 74 atthe jupperend. The bottom 75 of the unit is' closed except, for admittance of thepilot burner nozzle 76 and the feed line 77 for.-

admitting material to -be burned. In the present instance I haveillustrated ahopper 78"for 'supplyingta solid. particle material 79 bymeans of the blower 80'thfotigh Residual or lighter not have been sepa-24 and to better mix them particlematerial, such as bark, to be underpressure through conduit 68't'o.

and the resulting.

The ash and solids are separated and dis'-..

-' viouslydescribed with respect to Fig. l.

Extending over a major portion of, and embracing the outer shell ofcombustion zone 72, are the series of air cooling and air supplyconduits 37 and 33 leading to inclined ducts 39 and 41 as described withrespect to the previous figures, and likewise provided with individualdampers and damper controls, common air supply and damper control, etc.,and therefore, wilt not be described again in detail.

Extending from the upper portion of zone 73 and projecting into zone 74is the tubular brickwork 81, similar to that indicated at 25 in Fig. l.The brickwork 81 has an internal diameter equal to the diameter of zone73, and at one portion of its outer periphery it defines an arcuate path82 with the lining portion 83 for delivery of ash or other solidparticle material into the ash collector 84 through the communicatingconduit 85, by gravity.

As the products of combustion leave zone 72 and pass through zone 73where secondary combustion may occur, and into zone 74, the particles ofash or othersclids, which are thrown outwardly under centrifugal force,are entrapped by the baffies 86 which are arranged and inclined asdescribed with respect to baifies 32, so as tov cause these solids to bedropped around the outer periphery of the upper projection of brickwork81 and to pass out by gravity through the path 82 as above indicated.

For the purpose of further reversing the direction of the gases leavingzone 74 so as to commingle the axial with the peripheral components, andto further aid in separation of ash, the upper or exit portion ofchamber 74 is provided with the axial baffle 87 supported by the radialspokes 88. Although the zafile 8'7 is of disc-like 1 form, it may be ofother shape, such as for example, an inverted cone similar to the target66/ The separated gaseous products of combustion thereafter pass throughthe lateral path 89 and into the boiler or other utilization zone 90.

Fig. 12 illustrates another modified arrangement similar to that of Fig.ll in that material to be burned or converted is introduced at thebottom and the gaseous products of combustion and ash are separated atthe top of the unit. Since the general arrangement and operation is thesame as that of Fig. 11, only the characterizing and differing detailsof construction will be described. Thus, in Fig. 12, the upper end ofthe unit is closed with. an annular baffie 91 leaving an axial outlet 92for the gaseous products of combustion, and in this case the peripheralcomponents of the stream of gas leaving Zone 74, are reversed indirection to commingle with the axial components before leaving and tobetter entrap any escaping particles of ash.

The intermediate zone 93 in this case is of a diameter equal to that ofthe zone 72, and the path between the two is interrupted by the invertedaxially disposed conical bafiie or target 94 supported by the radialsupports 95. Suitably, supports 95 are provided in a streamlined formsimilar to a four-bladed airplane propeller or of axial flow fan rotorconstruction. The target 94 and its supports 95 are preferably hollow sothat they may be air cooled, and for this purpose air may be introducedfrom the uppermost embracing conduit 38, which in this case hasductsleading from it through the shell and lining, into the supports 95and discharges through the apertures 96 in the target 94. This axialbathe 94 thus serves to increase turbulence in zone 72 and to betteradmix the peripheral and axial components of the upwardly and helicallymoving materials in zone '72 before entering zone 93 to better insure amore thorough and homogeneous combustion in the primary combustion zone72, and thus acts similar to axial target 66 of Figs.

14- and 15.

I claim as my invention;

l. Yertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone: type defined bywalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensiontherethrough for conversion in said chamber, an elongated outlet at theopposed end of said chamber and axiallyaligned therewith for receivingand discharging therethrough productsof combustion, a plurality ofinclined ducts formed in and extending through the walls of thecombustion chamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in asecantal direction and for providing therein a turbulent generallyhelical stream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced fromeach other, and generally horizontally disposed bafiie means in saidoutlet in axial alignment with said combustion chamber at its end formixing axial and peripheral components of the products of, combustionfrom said chamber prior to discharge.

2. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined bywalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensiontherethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongatedoutlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and dischargingtherethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ductsformed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber forintroducing air underpressure thereto in a secantal direction and forproviding therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts beingvertically and peripherally spaced from each other, means in saidcombustion chamber outlet and axially aligned with said combustionchamber for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseousproducts of combustion, and conduit means extending through the walls ofsaid apparatus for receiving and continuously discharging said solids bygravity.

3. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined bywalls having 'an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensiontherethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongatedoutlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and discharging'therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ductsformed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber forintroducing-air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and forproviding therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts beingvertically and peripherally spaced from each other, and means in saidoutlet for substantially separating solid particles from the gaseousproducts of combustion comprising a plurality of peripherally disposedvertically extending bafiies inclined in a direction generally opposedto "the inclination of said air inlet ducts.

4. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type definedby'walls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprisingasubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one'end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensiontherethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongatedoutlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and dischargingtherethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ductsformed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber forintroducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and forproviding therein a turbulent generally helical stream, said ducts beingvertically and peripherally spaced from each other, a plurality of airconduits each completely embracing the Wall of the combustion chamberand leading-to said air inlet ducts for cooling said wall and forheatingthe air prior to its introduction to said chamber, damper controlledmeans for introducing air from a common source to said conduits underpressure, dampers in each of said ducts, means for individuallyregulating each of said dampers, transversely extending baffie means insaid outlet for mixing axial and peripheral components of the productsof combustion from said chamber prior to discharge from the apparatus,means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particles fromthe gaseous products of combustion, and con duit means extending throughthe walls of said apparatus for receiving and continuously dischargingsaid solids by gravity.

5. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined bywalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensionthere through for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongatedoutlet at the opposed end of said chamberfor receiving and dischargingtherethrough products of combustion, means for introducing air underpressure thereto in a secantal direction and for providing therein aturbulent generally helical stream, means in said outlet forsubstantially separating solid particles from the gaseous products ofcombustion comprising a concentric zone of enlarged diameter including aplurality of spaced vertically extending vanes projecting from the innerperiphery of said zone, said vanes being inclined in a directiongenerally opposed to the direction of inclination of said air inletducts, a concentric annular projection of lesser diameter than said zonedisposed below said vanes and adapted to receive thereabout solidparticle matter separated by said vanes from the products of combustion,and conduit means leading from the outer periphery of said annularprojection and through the wall of said apparatus for continuouslydischarging said solids by gravity.

6. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined bywalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at one end ofsaid chamber and means for introducing particle material in suspensiontherethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentric elongatedoutlet at the opposed end of said chamber for receiving and dischargingtherethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclined ductsformed in and extending through the walls of the combustion chamber forintroducing air under pressure thereto in a secantal direction and forproviding therein a turbulent generally helical stream, adjacent ones ofsaid ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from each other, aplurality of air conduits each completely encircling the wall of thecombustion chamber and leading to said air inlet ducts for cooling saidWall and for heating the air prior to introduction to said chamber,damper controlled means for introducing air from a common source to saidconduits under pressure, damper means in each of said ducts, means forindividually regulating said dampers whereby to separately control thevolume and velocity of air introduced at each of said ducts, means insaid outlet for substantially separating solid particles from thegaseous products of combustion comprising a concentric zone of enlargeddiameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extending vanesprojecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes beinginclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction ofinclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projecu'on oflesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and adapted toreceive thereabout solid particle matter separated by said vanes fromthe products of combustion, and conduit means leading from the outerperiphery of said annular projection and through the wall of saidapparatus for continuously discharging said solids by gravity.

7. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined bywalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at the upper endof said chamber and means for introducing particle material insuspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentricelongated outlet at thelower end of said chamber for receiving anddischarging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclinedducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustionchamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantaldirection and for providing therein a turbulent generally helicalstream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from eachother, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particlesfrom the gaseous prodnets of combustion comprising a concentric zone ofenlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extendingvanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes beinginclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction ofinclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projection oflesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and projectinginto said zone and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matterseparated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduitmeans leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection andthrough the wall of said apparatus .for continuously discharging saidsolids by gravity.

8. Vertically extending burner apparatus of the cyclone type defined byWalls having an inner exposed refractory surface, comprising asubstantially cylindrical combustion chamber, an inlet at the lower endof said chamber and means for introducing particle material insuspension therethrough for conversion in said chamber, a concentricelongated outlet at the upper end of said chamber for receiving anddischarging therethrough products of combustion, a plurality of inclinedducts formed in and extending through the walls of the combustionchamber for introducing air under pressure thereto in a secantaldirection and for providing therein a turbulent generally helicalstream, said ducts being vertically and peripherally spaced from eachother, means in said outlet for substantially separating solid particlesfrom the gaseous products of combustion comprising a concentric zone ofenlarged diameter including a plurality of spaced vertically extendingvanes projecting from the inner periphery of said zone, said vanes beinginclined in a direction generally opposed to the direction ofinclination of said air inlet ducts, a concentric annular projection oflesser diameter than said zone disposed below said vanes and projectinginto said zone and adapted to receive thereabout solid particle matterseparated by said vanes from the products of combustion, and conduitmeans leading from the outer periphery of said annular projection andthrough the wall of said apparatus for continuously discharging saidsolids by gravity.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 76,010Watts Mar. 24, 1868 943,399 Dunnachie Dec. 14, 1909 1,098,534 ServaisJune 2, 1914 1,590,142 White et a1 June 22, 1926 1,771,829 Wagner July29, 1930 1,900,320 Wagner et a1. Mar. 7, 1933 1,933,255 Goodell Oct.31,- 1933 2,050,400 Wagner Aug. 11, 1936 2,088,679 Yamazaki et al. Aug.3, 1937 2,126,150 Stryker Aug. 9, 1938 2,175,610 Linder Oct. 10, 19392,605,176 Pearson July 29, 1952 FOREIGN PATENTS 252,862 Great BritainJune 10, 1926

1. VERTICALLY EXTENDING BURNER APPARATUS OF THE CYCLONE TYPE DEFINED BYWALLS HAVING AN AINNER EXPOSED REFRACTORY SURFACE, COMPRISING ASUBSTANTIALY CYLINDRICAL COMBUSTION CHAMBER, AN INLET AT ONE END OF SAIDCHAMBER AND MEANS FOR INTRODUCING PARTICLE MATERIAL IN SUSPENSIONTHERETHROUGH FOR CONVERSION IN SAID CHAMBER, AN ELONGATED OUTLET AT THEOPPOSED END OF SAID CHAMBER AND AXIALLY ALIGNED THEREWITH FOR RECEIVINGAND DISCHARGING THERETHROUGH PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION , A PLURALITY OFINCLINED DUCTS FROMED IN AND EXTENDING THROUGH THE WALLS OF THECOMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR INTRODUCING AIR UNDER PRESSURE THERETO IN ASECANTAL DIRECTION AND FOR PROVIDING THEREIN A TURBULENT GENERALLYHELICAL STREAM, SAID DUCTS BEING VERTICALLY AND PERIPHERALLY SPACED FROMEACH OTHER, AND GENERALLY HORIZONATLLY DISPOSED BAFFLE MEANS IN SAIDOUTLET IN AXIAL ALIGNMENT WITH SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER AT ITS END FORMIXING AXIAL AND PERIPHERAL COMPONENTS OF THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTIONFROM SAID CHAMBER PRIOR TO DISCHARGE.